Back to top

what if titanic hit the iceberg head on

The collision between the Titanic and an iceberg likely doomed . What if the Titanic hit the iceberg head-on? These include the amount of force that was applied when it formed, as well as whether or not compartments were breached. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. complete answer on canadiancoinnews.com. It is entirely crew there, and almost entirely firemenfiremen, trimmers, and greasers. 20280: Your opinion is that the ship would have suffered that crushing in in the first two compartments, but that the shock would not have shattered or loosened the rivets in any other part of the ship?, Not sufficiently. If the Titanic hadn't sunk, it would likely have taken another similar disaster to put that lifesaving policy into effect. The RMS Titanic sank in the early morning of 15 April 1912 in the North Atlantic Ocean, four days into the ships maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. Credit: The captain woke up and called for Andrews to "sound the ship", which meant to check it and see the damage. Answer: There is no definitive answer, but it would probably have sunk anyway. If the Titanic were to collide with the iceberg a stationary, mammoth object most of the energy of the impact would have to be absorbed by the ship, which would have only made matters worse. Explain The Schrodinger Wave Equation In Simple Words. Besides: even if the Titanic's maiden voyage had been successful, If only four of the Titanic's watertight compartments had been breached, it would have stayed afloat. However, the sinking was a "perfect storm" (in calm seas) of COCK-UPS. The second study, by British historian Tim Maltin, claimed that atmospheric conditions on the night of the disaster might have caused a phenomenon called super refraction. This title would be lost in June 1913 to the new Hamburg-American Lines SS Imperator. Titanic was a character who appeared as a minor character in Annoying Orange Through Time. They examined rivets brought up from the wreck and found them to contain a high concentration of slag, a smelting residue that can make metal split apart. The . LONDON: Nearly a century after the sinking of the Titanic, a new study claims that an officer in charge on the bridge could have prevented the tragedy had he acted timely on a warning seconds before the ship struck an iceberg. Would Titanic survived if it hit the iceberg head on? This title would be lost in June 1913 to the new Hamburg-American Lines SS Imperator. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldnt have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. Microscopic analysis of iron rivets recovered from, Created June 20, 2017, Updated February 13, 2019, Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), NIST Reveals How Tiny Rivets Doomed a Titanic Vessel, Preserving the Spirit of a Mighty Shipand the Environment Around It, NIST Helps Restore a Blast (Off) from the Past, The Parlour Suites, the most luxurious rooms onboard. The slag made the rivets less ductile and more brittle than they should have been when exposed to very cold temperatureslike those typically found in the icy seawater of the North Atlantic. background-color: #FFFFFF; . Three small dogs, two Pomeranians and a Pekingese, survived the Titanic disaster cradled in their owners arms as they climbed into lifeboats. Whilst doing so helped the ship not to go forwards, its location in front of the rudder further crippled the handling of the ship. all the firemen?, I am afraid she would have crumpled up in stopping herself. Above: Newspaper report on the sinking of the Titanic, 1912. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz a:not( .fca_qc_share_link ), Add your answer in the comments box below. [insert object name]) in real life to get things done. The same thing would happen with the other ship (that collided with yours), as it also absorbed some of the energy of the impact. As the ship had collision bulkheads in the bow, it would most likely have survived the damage. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. View But the companys plan to retrieve the ships iconic radio equipment has sparked a debate: Could the worlds most famous shipwreck still hold remains of passengers and crew who died a century ago? RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner, operated by the White Star Line, which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York City, United States.Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died, making it the deadliest sinking of a single ship up to that time. How do you know if your husband has feelings for another woman? This means the iceberg that sank the Titanic likely broke off from Greenland in 1910 or 1911, and was gone forever by the end of 1912 or sometime in 1913. The episode was not found or is unavailable. Bird Strike: What Happens When A Bird Strikes An Aircraft? The berg scraped along the starboard or right side of the hull below the waterline, slicing open the hull between five of the adjacent watertight compartments. How long did the Titanic stay afloat for after hitting the iceberg? READ MORE: Why Did the Titanic Sink? starboarded there would have been a chance of the background-color: #dbdbdb; } LBC If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on therefore, its predicted that only the first three or four watertight compartments would have been flooded, a less severe alternative to what actually happened. The process of super light refraction which occurred caused miraging, which is where the light is bent, which was recorded by other ships in the area at the time and prevented the Titanic from seeing the imminent iceberg it was about to hit. Yes - Titanic probably could have survived an impact with the iceberg if she hit head-on! Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The iceberg sliced through six. American oceanographer and former Navy officer Robert D. People have been diving to the Titanics wreck for 35 years. What Happens When Someone Falls Overboard From A Ship? What Happens If You Try To Shoot Down A Nuclear Missile Mid-Air? 52 the number of children from steerage who perished. If Titanic hadnt collided with the iceberg, she would probably have fared no different. Of the 109 children traveling on the Titanic, almost half were killed when the ship sank 53 children in total. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_question_response_item.wrong-answer { If only one or two of the compartments had been opened, >Titanic</i> might have stayed afloat, but when so many . First published in 1912, Jay Henry Mowbray's Sinking of the Titanic was hugely influential in the aftermath of the maritime disaster, recording the harrowing, first-hand accounts of the survivors - from sailors, to stewards, to passengers - throughout the ordeal, from when the iceberg first hit to when the Carpathia eventually arrived, and honoring those who were lost on that fateful night . If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on therefore, it's predicted that, No matter what caused the Titanic to sink, such a massive loss of life could probably have been avoided if. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_next_question:hover { But in the episode, it hits the iceberg head-on. This means the iceberg that sank the Titanic likely broke off from Greenland in 1910 or 1911, and was gone forever by the end of 1912 or sometime in 1913.. 1am - 4am. If the ship had hit the berg head on, Titanic probably would have survived. The Titanic was a British passenger liner that sank on April 15, 1912, in the North Atlantic Ocean after colliding with an iceberg on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. Some historians suspect that if the order hadn't been given to . Several hypotheses were put forward as to what could have been done to minimize the losses caused by the collision, one of which stated that if the Titanic had collided head-on with the iceberg, the damage to life and property would have been much less serious. Andrews' purpose for traveling on the ship's maiden voyage was to make observations and offer suggestions for improvement. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have . Required fields are marked *. When a ship hits an iceberg head on, all the force would be transferred back to the ship, so it wouldn't have ripped open, but crumpled round, so only 2-3 compartments would have been breached. How do you let go of someone who doesnt want you. They did have one disadvantage however, and this was that the centre propeller was one way and couldnt work in reverse, hence why when the captain of the ship pushed the liner into full reverse to avoid the iceberg, the centre propeller stopped working immediately. On April 15, 1912, at 2:20 a.m., what was deemed one of the most luxurious and safe ships ever built, hit an iceberg and sank off the coast of Newfoundland, taking more than 1,500 lives. (James OBrien: Ive no idea who is right you both sound convincing. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Atlantic steamer, some 34 years ago, did go stem on From malfunctioning propellers to optical illusions, here are some of the alternative theories that use the latest scientific research to establish how the ship could have avoided this disaster: RMS Titanic had three steam-driven propellers, which were more advantageous as they were smaller and more efficient. If Titanic hadnt collided with the iceberg, she would probably have fared no different. The idea that the ship should have maintained its course and rammed into the iceberg head-on to minimize damages is far from plausible and is also scientifically inaccurate. One of the most notorious historical events of the 20th century, the sinking of the RMS Titanic was a tragedy which took the lives of over 1, 500 passengers, gaining international prominence and spawning urban legends and tales which still remain to this today. Name: Gary, Meapham Qualification: Genius of Titanic proportions Answer: There is no definitive answer, but it would probably have sunk anyway. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Lock So a wider view needs to be taken. going fast?, I am old enough to remember that case, but I am afraid my memory is not good enough. Mr. Laing: The ArizonaI remember it. The Witness: The Arizona, my Lord., 20276: (Mr. Rowlatt) You said it would have killed LBC. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Despite the Titanic's notoriety, many other shipwrecks beat the disaster in loss of life. 50. J ust before midnight on April 14, 1912, the RMS Titanic struck an iceberg and sank on her maiden voyage claiming the lives of 1,496 passengers and crew. How did the Titanic survive the Titanic accident? So I dont believe it would have sunk. I am afraid she would have killed every fireman down in the firemens quarters, but I feel sure the ship would have come in. 20272: And the passengers would not have been lost?, The passengers would have come in. 20273: Then do you think it was an error of judgmentto starboard the helm?, I do not by any means say it was a negligent act at all. You got {{SCORE_CORRECT}} out of {{SCORE_TOTAL}}. TRUE. On her inaugural voyage, on the night of April 14, 1912, the ship hit the iceberg around 11:40 p.m. and sank in a little more than two and a half hours. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz button.fca_qc_next_question { Do you mean to say that if this ship had driven on to the iceberg stem on she would have been saved?, I am quite sure she would, My Lord. Overconfidence, speed, damaged bulkheads, poor quality rivets, and delays spotting the iceberg also contributed to the sinking. An abrupt stop would have thrown people against cabins or berths, and since it was night and most passengers were asleep, they would have had absolutely no chance of bracing against the impact; they would have been flung into the things in their immediate vicinity. Read about the . } border: #151515 0px solid; That helps support ScienceABC with some money to maintain the site. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz p:not( .fca_qc_back_response ):not( #fca_qc_question_right_or_wrong ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_correct_answer ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_response ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_hint ):not( .fca_qc_question_response_item p ), It created a long thin opening that allowed water to pour into the Titanic. The ocean liner RMS Titanic collided with an iceberg on April 14, 1912. 110 years ago today, The RMS Titanic hit an iceberg and sank into the Atlantic ocean. Nigel, Covent Garden. However, when the hull of the ship collided with the iceberg, the shipbuilder knew Titanic's fate was . After the Titanic sank, searchers recovered 340 bodies. 107 #52: If Titanic had rammed the iceberg head-on, she would have survived. In such a case, both the vessels would sustain heavy damages but would likely still stay afloat. What created the myth of the unsinkable . At one point, frustrated, the wireless operator told the Californian, another ship nearby, to "shut up" and stop talking about icebergs. Again, in different circumstances where the conditions for the illusion were not present the ship would have been able to see the upcoming obstacle and act accordingly. If its mass was similar to another ship (aka Titanic could ram it and it would move), the damage wouldn't be terrible. The most notable damage was to the bow of the ship which was ripped open. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". When you hit an iceberg, the ship below the water will hit the iceberg before the ship above the water line, so it would divert it off its course - it's not like hitting a brick wall head-on. Despite all these damages, Titanic still managed to make it back to port after hitting the iceberg an engineering feat that is still considered one of historys greatest achievements. The iceberg sliced through six. On the night of April 14th 1912, only a few days into the voyage, the site of the iceberg was exposed for the fist time. No one has found human remains, according to the company that owns the salvage rights. Name: Gary, Meapham. The Titanic missed the warnings about the iceberg that day for multiple reasons. It hit the front part and flooded the first 5 compartments within minutes. } A 46,000 ton ship traveling 22 knots hits an iceberg weighing a minimum of 100,000 tons, the collision would create a powerful force that causes incredible destruction. Is it possible that a German submarine sank the Titanic? The momentum of the ship would have crushed in the bows for 80 or perhaps 100 feet., 20277: You mean the firemen in their quarters?, Yes, down below. Lyndsee Johnson from Ohio got caught in Hurricane . As a result its docking station in Belfast is a popular tourist attraction on manyNorthern Ireland tours, but what is even more popular are the range of alternative theories which surround the ship that detail how the disaster could have been avoided. If only four of the Titanic's watertight compartments had been breached, it would have stayed afloat. } It was built to survive with 4 compartments breached. If the ship had hit the berg head on, Titanic probably would have survived because of the strength of its bulkheads. } Answer (1 of 7): They saw it, seconds before it hit the ship. That means it likely broke off from Greenland in 1910 or 1911, and was gone forever by the end of 1912 or sometime in 1913. In the event of a frontal collision, the impact would have extended the entire length of the ship, splitting seams and bursting rivets, in which case many more of the ships compartments would have been exposed to the sea, causing the ship to sink much faster. Due to the chaos that ensued after the Titanic struck an iceberg, the 20 . to you. A nurse by the name of Violet Jessop was on Titanic when it hit an iceberg and sank. The Titanic hit an iceberg head on, causing the ship to sink in just over two hours. A locked padlock National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Institute for Exploration/University of Rhode Island. on the web. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. ship being saved?, I believe the ship would have been saved, and I Required fields are marked *. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. color: #151515; The compartments of such bulkheads were more or less like the crumple zones of modern vehicles, meaning that they absorbed most of the energy of the impact following a collision. Three small dogs, two Pomeranians and a Pekingese, survived the Titanic disaster cradled in their owners arms as they climbed into lifeboats. What was Scrub Daddy originally made for? In order to prevent another disaster like this from happening in the future, maritime authorities have put into place stricter regulations for ships travelling through dangerous waters. This resulted in water flooding into the interior of the ship, causing rapid sinking. Causes and Effects of the Rapid Sinking of the Titanic. Would Titanic survived if it hit the iceberg head on? Do you know what would have happened had Titanic collided head-on with the iceberg? One hundred years ago, the "unsinkable" Titani. Murdoch ordered the engines to stop, and reverse. The bow likely would have crumped pretty bad, like most of the way to the first bulkhead or more. Numerous research investigations since that time have pieced together the details of what occurred on April 14-15, 1912, after Titanic struck an iceberg, broke in half and carried more than 1,500 people to their deaths. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Your email address will not be published. What if the Titanic had hit the iceberg head on? It was a 1 in 1000 hit too. color: #151515; These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. for sites to earn commissions by linking to Amazon. The novella was published 14 years before the sinking of the Titanic on April 14th, 1912. The colossal cruise liner had been built with bulkheads in its bow in the event of a collision. Had the iceberg not hit the Titanic . After completing her maiden voyage, she would have captured media attention and held temporally the title of the biggest ship afloat. When the remains of RMS Titanic were discovered more than 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) beneath the surface of the North Atlantic in 1985, the story of the great liner once dubbed unsinkable by the press began moving from legend into scientific fact. A popular belief held by astronomers is that the Titanic sank because of a full moon, which caused unusually strong tides on the night of January 4, 1912 which caused the ship to encounter a large amount of icebergs three months later. The bow of the RMS Titanic on the ocean floor as seen during a June 2004 expedition. Those who agreed with this hypothesis blamed First Officer Murdoch for his irresponsible actions that led to the disaster. If only four of the Titanic's watertight compartments had been breached, it would have stayed afloat. Credit: The colossal cruise liner had been built with bulkheads in its bow in the event of a collision. In any case while a ship striking the bottom of the ocean does make a sound and Titanic's hitting the bottom would have been picked up by the U.S. Navy today (or 30 years ago) that sound doesn't transfer well to air and humans can't detect it above or below water or feel it as vibration. into an iceberg and did come into port, and she was The outbreak of World War I in 1914 meant that the Titanic, like its sister ships the Britannic and the Olympic, would probably have been requisitioned for the war effort. Immediate Shipping & Easy Returns from our U.S. location. Microscopic analysis of iron rivets recovered from Titanic revealed high concentrations of slag residue in the head area (seen as yellow, orange and red) that may have made them brittle in cold temperatures. color: #151515; This means that whenever you Where was the Dayton peace agreement signed? This contact seems to have been a particularly light one. 20268: Light?, Yes, light, because we have heard the evidence that lots of people scarcely felt it. 20269: You mean it did not strike a fair blow?, If she struck it a fair blow I think we should have heard a great deal more about the severity of it, and probably the ship would have come into harbour if she had struck it a fair blow, instead of going to the bottom. 20270: You think that?, I am quite sure of it. 20271: (The Commissioner.) Qualification: Genius of Titanic proportions. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz div.fca_qc_answer_div:active { color: #FFFFFF; If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on therefore, its predicted that only the first three or four watertight compartments would have been flooded, a less severe alternative to what actually happened. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Many people died due to hypothermia or drowning after being trapped on board Titanic when it sank. Why Do People Indulge In Extreme And Dangerous Sports? Most everyone assumed the iceberg had torn . I am rather interested about that. Titanic hit the iceberg sideways instead of head-on at 11:40 on the evening of April 14th, 1912. On top of that, there was a lot of iceberg debris floating around in the sea, and the crew mistook them for driftwood, so they failed to perceive the . Scientific discovery can be unexpected and full of chance surprises. It was even described as unsinkable. Titanic struck a North Atlantic iceberg at 11:40 PM in the evening of 14 April 1912 at a speed of 20.5 knots (23.6 MPH). But in real life, it actually . It was built to survive with 4 compartments breached. 23.6 MPH. background-color: #8dc8bf; The iceberg sliced through six. . A lock ( I think a lot of that would depend on how big the iceberg actually was. 50. Cruise-goers reveal their most terrifying incidents at sea - from watching a ferocious TORNADO spin up beside the boat to hitting an ICEBERG. The ship instantly filled with water and roughly two hours later actually . First, sonar mapping of Titanics starboard hull buried in the ocean floor revealed only six thin tears from the iceberg with a total area open to the sea of only one square meter (12 square feet), or less than that of two sidewalk squares. Moreover, the impact would have flooded the first three or at most four watertight compartments. If only four of the Titanic's watertight compartments had been breached, it would have stayed afloat. down there., 20278: Do you mean at the boilers? Oh, no, they would scarcely have felt the shock., The Commissioner: Any person, fireman or anybody else, who happened to be in that 100 feet, would probably never have been seen again? 20279: (Mr. Rowlatt) The third class passengers are there too, I think, some of them?, I do not think there are any third class passengers forward of the second bulkhead, and I believe she would have stopped before the second bulkhead was damaged. How do you win an academic integrity case? Associates Program, affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means If the ship had hit the iceberg head-on therefore, its predicted that only the first three or four watertight compartments would have been flooded, a less severe alternative to what actually happened. https://www.patreon.com/oceanlinerdesigns Oceanliner Designs explores the design, construction, engineering and operation of historys great ocean liners from Titanic to Queen Mary but not forgetting the likes of Empress of Ireland or Chusan. Why Don't They Have Parachutes For Passengers In Commercial Planes? Who Made England A Purely Protestant Nation? Clive Bull is Leading Britain's Conversation. The liner was the biggest and most magnificent ship to ever be built at that time. Sometimes, resurrecting relics from the tragic chapters of history is about as fanciful as getting pigs to fly. How do you let go of someone who doesnt want you. Could you hear the Titanic hit the ocean floor? The idea that the ship would have survived if it had crashed head-on into the iceberg is therefore crazy; there are several claims and hypotheses that suggest a variety of approaches that could have reduced, if not completely avoided, the severity of the tragic wreck of the RMS Titanic. Can We Use Icebergs As A Source Of Water? } What impact can gender roles have on consumer behaviour? The colossal cruise liner had been built with bulkheads in its bow in the event of a collision. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. This condition according to National Geographics Richard A. Lovett was also the closest lunar approach between the moon and Earth since A.D. 796, with this rarity being attributed to causing the ship to cross paths with a fatal iceberg which could have been avoided if the ship had sailed towards its destination at another time. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 1 the number of children from First Class who perished. Modern warning systems plus radar and a better sense of oceanography make it unlikely that a ship could be lost at seawith hundreds or even thousands deadin 2012. What would happen if the Titanic didnt hit the iceberg? A big admirer of Richard Feynman and Nikola Tesla, he obsesses over how thoroughly science dictates every aspect of life in this universe, at least. Materials scientists Tim Foecke and Jennifer Hooper McCarty have cast blame on the more than 3 million rivets that held the hulls steel plates together. The average lifespan of an iceberg in the North Atlantic typically is two to three years from calving to melting. First, the weather was hazy and the Titanic's binoculars were locked in a cabinet and no one had access to them. But technical limitationsas well as the sheer vastness of the North Atlantic search areamade it extremely difficult. No. } How do you clean a silver chain that turned black? The colossal cruise liner had been built with bulkheads in its bow in the event of a collision. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz div:not( .correct-answer ):not( .wrong-answer ){ But the companys plan to retrieve the ships iconic radio equipment has sparked a debate: Could the worlds most famous shipwreck still hold remains of passengers and crew who died a century ago? All Rights Reserved. Posted by timmaltin. The disaster not only shocked the world . For decades after the disaster, there was little doubt about what sank the Titanic. It was built to survive with 4 compartments breached. #fca_qc_quiz_47869.fca_qc_quiz div.fca-qc-back.wrong-answer, The collision caused the ship to sink the following day, resulting in more than 1,500 people losing their lives. LBC News It was built to survive with 4 compartments breached. If the Titanic hadnt sunk, it would likely have taken another similar disaster to put that lifesaving policy into effect. As a matter of fact, the Titanic relayed the warning to the shore. Thomas Andrews wasn't just any passenger on the Titanic - the Irishman was its architect. The outbreak of World War I in 1914 meant that the Titanic, like its sister ships the Britannic and the Olympic, would probably have been requisitioned for the war effort. The Titanic was a luxury British steamship that sank in the early hours of April 15, 1912 after striking an iceberg, leading to the deaths of more than 1,500 passengers and crew. Hes a Harry Potter fan and tries, in vain, to use spells and charms (Accio! On the other hand, though, and if I'm mistaken about this then someone please correct me, the Titanic's size, and by extension its mass would have dwarfed the iceberg that it hit (at least that is what I read), and that the only reason the iceberg was able to sink it was because of a jagged knife-like protruding section that literally ended up being dragged across the entire left side of the . Violet was pulled so close to the ship that she hit her head on the keel and had to be . 160 minutes - the time it took the Titanic to sink after hitting the iceberg (2 hours and 40 minutes). Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. What if the Titanic hit the iceberg head on? Why Dont All Bisexual Plants Produce Self-Fertilized Fruits? If Iron Loses Its Magnetism At High Temperatures, How Is Earths Core Magnetic? Why Is Friday The 13th Considered Unlucky? Did Hitler Survive World War I Because A British Soldier Showed Him Mercy? ScienceABC participates in the Amazon Some historians suspect that if the order hadnt been given to stop the engines, the Titanic may have been able to swing around and out of the way of the iceberg. 100 feet will pull up a motor car going 22 miles an hour without shooting you out of the front. 20283: (Mr. Rowlatt) What you mean is that the ship would have telescoped herself?, Yes, up against the iceberg. 20284: And stopped when she telescoped enough?, Yes, that is what happened in the Arizona., If youd like to read the full book of101 Things You Thought You Knew About The TitanicBut Didnt!, or any of my other books on Titanic, please visit my Author Page on Amazon here: https://www.amazon.co.uk/tim-maltin/e/B005LNHYEQ/ref=ntt_dp_epwbk_1, https://www.amazon.co.uk/tim-maltin/e/B005LNHYEQ/ref=ntt_dp_epwbk_1.

Bon Air Juvenile Correctional Center Jobs, Do I Have Golden Child Syndrome Quiz, Articles W